癌症化療的副作用大致有噁心嘔吐、口腔潰瘍進食困難、 掉髮、疲倦感、免疫力低下問題。

1. 噁心嘔吐:此問題是最常發生的症候群，在治療開始後24小時會開始有此症狀，可能會持續一週或一周以上。

飲食上建議採取少量多餐的模式，須避免過油膩和刺激辛辣重口味的食物，並可請醫生開立止吐藥來減輕不適感。覺得噁心時，試著以深呼吸來緩解。進餐前或中過度喝水，可減少飽脹感。

2. 口腔潰瘍:約有40%-50%地化療病ˋ患在化療後會有口腔問題產生(口腔潰瘍)進而導致飲食困難導致營養不足問題，適當地保持口腔清潔，使用止痛藥緩解。
口腔清潔，可選擇軟毛牙刷，將牙刷放置在牙齦和牙齒的交界處，以45度的角度，以兩顆兩顆輕輕來回清潔，徹底刷洗每個表面及裡層。也可使用牙線或牙間刷來清潔牙刷刷步道的地方。每 2 至 4 小時漱口，以保持口腔濕潤，但要避免使用含酒精及過鹹的漱口水。避免抽菸及喝酒，多攝取含蛋白質與維生素C的食物。
3. 疲倦感: 患者應該適當休息，並避免過度勞累。因身體正對抗癌細胞及藥物影響，患者會感受到極度疲倦感。因此充足修養及為重要。 
4. 免疫力下降:白血球受到化療的影響，導致免疫力下降(免疫系統拉警報)，增加了受感染的風險，因此要特別注意避免接觸感染減少外界訪視干擾注意周遭疾病患本身衛生情況。
5. 掉髮問題:因藥物影響快速分裂細胞導致掉髮問題，這是個過程病患及病患家屬不用過於擔心，更不要因心理層面影響到病患心情及建立病患再生期待，大多於化療後頭髮就會再長回來了，不要太擔心。如天冷或冷氣房勿直接吹到冷風。許多人選擇戴帽保護及外觀心理感受。
化療需補充那些食物?放化療飲食該怎麼吃才健康
1. 不要空腹化療：但不可食用過於油炸由你食物於化療前，清淡飲食既可
2. 避免生冷食物 : 吃烹煮過的食材，切勿生食，降低腸胃感染風險。
3. 避免空腹及腹脹 :患者需細嚼慢嚥 切勿暴飲暴食，不要勉強進食
4. 增加優質蛋白補充及熱量攝取:雞湯雞精/蛋白營養粉/乳清蛋白粉/大豆蛋白粉皆為好的營養補助蛋白來源，避免過度添加的成分獲取蛋白質及熱量，用餐前1-30分鐘適當的走路緩步運動，增加開胃飲料如:天然柳橙汁/洛神花茶/酸梅湯等適量小量補充可增加食慾。
5. 多吃高碘食: (但勿過量) 需適度補充碘或服用含碘鹽，以維持甲狀腺激素合成和身體代謝平衡。多喝水，少喝刺激性飲料：每天最好能有 2000 c.c～ 3000 c.c 的水份攝取。


1.辛辣之物：辣椒、胡椒、花椒、沙茶醬、咖哩、蒜頭、生薑、蔥、大茴香、桂皮。
2.高碘食物：螃蟹、蝦、無鱗魚、海帶等食物及其他加碘食品和加碘鹽。
3.熱燙食物：食物和飲水不要過於熱燙，尤其是食道癌患者特別要注意。
4.避免喝酒：許多化療藥物會由肝臟代謝，而酒精也是經由肝臟代謝，所以在化療期間飲酒會對肝臟造成額外壓力，並可能對肝臟造成永久性損害。
5.油炸食物：脂肪含量太高。補充足夠熱量是放化療的飲食重點，但若吃得太油膩、攝取過多飽和脂肪，反而會成為身體的負擔，故建議癌友們，盡量避免食用奶油、烘培食品、肥肉、油炸品等高脂食物。
6.難咀嚼、消化的食物：避免黏膩、堅硬的食物。
化療腹瀉吃什麼好？注意營養補充、這些食物少碰
1.注意水分及電解質的補充：急性腹瀉時，應先採清流質飲食，讓腸道休息，或補充運動飲料，避免腹瀉造成脫水與電解質不平衡。當腹瀉情形改善後，可慢慢地增加一些低纖維、低脂蛋白質食物，如稀飯、香蕉、蘋果、無皮馬鈴薯，或是去皮雞肉、魚類等食物。
2.少量多餐：可以嘗試 3 餐正餐＋2～3餐點心，降低腸胃道負擔，並且增加攝取到足夠的營養量。或於正餐時先吃固體食物再補充液體食物，可避免過度飽脹感。
3.避免攝取油膩、高纖維或含刺激性成分之食物：化療引起的腹瀉應避免的食物，如高纖維和高脂肪食物、黑棗汁、柳橙汁。避免食用刺激性或易產氣的食物，如含咖啡因的產品、碳酸飲料、豆類、油炸或辛辣的食物等，以免刺激胃腸道造成蠕動加劇。
4.限制奶類及乳製品食用：乳糖難以消化易加重腹瀉現象，腹瀉期間應避免食用含乳糖製品，如牛奶、乳酪、冰淇淋、蛋糕等。
5.適度補充益生菌：可增加腸道中有益菌，可改善腹瀉症狀（建議諮詢醫師或營養師意見。
倘若腹瀉問題持續或嚴重腹瀉，應立即詢問醫師或請營養師評估，調整適當飲食或補充營養品。

Side effects of cancer chemotherapy generally include nausea and vomiting, oral ulcers, difficulty eating, hair loss, fatigue, and weakened immunity 
1. Nausea and vomiting: This is the most common syndrome, appearing 24 hours after treatment begins and may last for a week or more than a week.
It is recommended to eat small, frequent meals, avoid greasy, spicy, and strongly flavored foods, and consult a doctor to prescribe antiemetic medication to relieve discomfort. If you feel nauseous, try to relieve it with deep breathing. Drinking excessive water before or during meals can reduce feelings of fullness 

2. Oral ulcers: About 40%-50% of chemotherapy patients develop oral problems (mouth ulcers) after chemotherapy, leading to eating difficulties and nutritional deficiencies. Maintaining oral hygiene properly and using painkillers for relief is necessary.
For oral hygiene, choose a soft-bristled toothbrush placed at the junction of the gums and teeth, gently brushing back and forth at a 45-degree angle in pairs, thoroughly scrubbing each surface and inner layer. You can also use dental floss or interdental brushes to clean the areas where the toothbrush is brushed. Rinse your mouth every 2 to 4 hours to keep your mouth moist, but avoid using mouthwash containing alcohol or too salty water. Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol, and consume foods rich in protein and vitamin C 
3. Fatigue: Patients should rest appropriately and avoid overexertion. Because the body is fighting cancer cells and the effects of medication, patients may feel extremely fatigued. Therefore, adequate rest is important 
4. Decreased immunity: White blood cells are affected by chemotherapy, causing their immunity to drop (the immune system raises alarms), increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, special attention should be paid to avoiding contact and infection, minimizing external visits, and paying attention to the hygiene of patients with nearby diseases 
5. Hair loss issues: Hair loss caused by drugs affecting rapid cell division is a process that patients and their families need not worry too much about. Nor should psychological factors affect patients' mood or build expectations for regeneration. Most hair will grow back after chemotherapy, so don't worry too much. For example, in cold weather or air-conditioned rooms, avoid direct exposure to cold wind. Many people choose to wear hats for protection and psychological impression 
What foods should be supplemented during chemotherapy? How should a diet be healthy for radiotherapy and chemotherapy?
1. Do not undergo chemotherapy on an empty stomach: However, do not eat overly fried foods before chemotherapy; a light diet is fine
2. Avoid raw and cold foods: Eat cooked ingredients and never eat them raw to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infections 
3. Avoid fasting and bloating: Patients should chew slowly and thoroughly. Do not overeat or force yourself to eat
4. Increase high-quality protein and calorie intake: Chicken soup, chicken essence, protein nutrition powder, whey protein powder, and soy protein powder are all good sources of nutritional supplement protein. Avoid excessive additives to get protein and calories. Take a gentle walk 1-30 minutes before meals, and add appetizer drinks such as natural orange juice, roselle tea, or sour plum soup. Small amounts can stimulate appetite  
5. Eat more high-iodine foods: (but do not overdose) Moderately supplement iodine or take iodized salt to maintain thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolic balance. Drink plenty of water and avoid stimulating beverages: ideally, consume 2000 c.c~3000 c.c. daily water intake 


1. Spicy foods: chili peppers, peppercorns, Sichuan peppercorns, satay sauce, curry, garlic, ginger, scallions, star anise, cinnamon 
2. High-iodine foods: crabs, shrimp, scaleless fish, kelp, and other iodized foods and iodized salt 
3. Hot foods: Food and water should not be too hot, especially for esophageal cancer patients 
4. Avoid alcohol: Many chemotherapy drugs are metabolized by the liver, and alcohol is also metabolized by the liver. Therefore, drinking during chemotherapy puts extra stress on the liver and may cause permanent damage 
5. Fried foods: too high in fat. Adequate calorie intake is key during chemotherapy, but eating too much greasy or consuming too much saturated fat can actually burden the body. Therefore, cancer patients are advised to avoid high-fat foods such as butter, baked goods, fatty meats, and fried foods as much as possible 
6. Foods that are difficult to chew or digest: Avoid sticky and hard foods 
What is good to eat for chemotherapy diarrhea? Pay attention to nutritional supplementation and avoid these foods
1. Pay attention to hydration and electrolyte intake: For acute diarrhea, start with a clear liquid diet to allow the intestines to rest, or supplement with sports drinks to avoid dehydration and electrolyte imbalances caused by diarrhea. Once diarrhea improves, gradually increase intake of low-fiber, low-fat protein foods such as porridge, bananas, apples, skinless potatoes, or skinless chicken and fish 
2. Small, frequent meals: Try 3 main meals + 2~3 snacks to reduce gastrointestinal burden and increase adequate nutrient intake. Alternatively, eat solid foods first before supplementing with liquids during main meals to avoid feeling overly full 
3. Avoid greasy, high-fiber, or stimulating foods: Foods to avoid for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, such as high-fiber and high-fat foods, black date juice, and orange juice. Avoid spicy or gas-producing foods, such as caffeinated products, carbonated drinks, beans, fried or spicy foods, to prevent irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and increased peristalsis 
4. Limit milk and dairy products: Lactose is hard to digest and can worsen diarrhea. During diarrhea, avoid products containing lactose, such as milk, cheese, ice cream, cakes, etc 
5. Moderate probiotic supplementation: It can increase beneficial gut bacteria and improve diarrhea symptoms (it is recommended to consult a doctor or nutritionist). 
If diarrhea persists or is severe, consult a doctor or a nutritionist for evaluation and adjust your diet or supplement nutrition immediately.
Chemotherapy: Changes in taste and smell? 5 tips to awaken your taste buds
1. Cleanse your taste buds: Before meals, rinse your mouth with tea, salt water, or non-alcoholic mouthwash to cleanse your taste buds 
2. Add a bit of sourness to food: such as lemon juice, vinegar, or citrus; Or add some sugar to increase sweetness and reduce saltiness and bitterness 
3. Variety of cooking methods: Use seasonings to alter the flavor of food (such as ketchup, onions, mint, rosemary... etc.). 
4. Switch to warm or cold foods: These foods don't taste too thick and are relatively appetizing 
5. Avoid foods with strong bitter flavors: such as mustard greens and bitter melon